Exercise 4- Advanced Programming

The purpose of this assignment is to experiment with:  Designing classes  Static members and static functions  Handling exceptions within a program Problem: You are to implement a class called Rational for performing arithmetic with fractions. It uses integer variables to represent a fractional number in the private data of the class – i.e. the numerator and the denominator. (e.g. the fraction 2/4 should be stored in a Rational object as 2 in the numerator and 4 in the denominator). Your code should go in files: rational.h and rational.cpp. A driver program is provided in main.cpp.
Step-1 Implement a default constructor, a standard constructor and a copy constructor. The default constructor should initialize the class to 1/1. Also, implement public member functions for doing the following:
 Addition of two Rational numbers.  Subtraction of two Rational numbers.  Multiplication of two Rational numbers.  Division of two Rational numbers.  Printing Rational numbers in the form a/b where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. An incomplete class declaration is provided in rational.h. The member function definitions should go in rational.cpp. main.cpp is setup to test your step-1 functions.
Step-2 Implement a standalone (non-class) function:
void printRationalAsFloating(const Rational &r);
for printing the passed Rational number as a floating point number. Note: for this to work you will have to make this function a friend function to class Rational. Modify the main() function to test this function.
Step-3 Implement a private static class data member named Count for maintaining a count of the number of instances of class Rational that exist. This can be done by simply incrementing and decrementing Count in the constructors and destructor respectively. Also provide a static class member function for accessing the static Count data member. Modify your main() procedure to test this static function.
Step-4 Provide exception handling to prevent division by zero. Your program should throw a string exception to anywhere where divide by zero can happen. You should catch this exception in the main() following the tests. The exception handler should print an appropriate error message and exit(). Modify you main to test the exception handler.