ATI TEAS 6 Science Study Guide 2

FEMALES 

 Produce ova (oocytes/egg cells)  

 Transfer ova to fallopian tubes for 

fertilization 

 Receive sperm from male 

 Provide a protective, nourishing 

environment for developing embryo 

External Organs: Labia Majora, Labia Minora, Bartholin's Glands, Clitoris 

 Labia (both): Close and protect vagina  Bartholin's Gland: Secrete lubricating fluid 

 Clitoris: Contains erectile tissue and nerve endings for sensual pleasure 

Internal Organs: Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes, Uterus, Vagina 

 Ovaries: Female gonads; produce ova, and secrete estrogen and progesterone  Fallopian Tubes: Carry mature egg toward uterus; site of fertilization 

 Uterus: Fertilized egg implants on uterine wall; protects and nourishes developing embryo until  birth 

 Vagina: Muscular tube from cervix to outside of body; receives semen, is site of intercourse, and birth canal 

Hormones 

 Estrogen: Stimulates egg maturation; female sex characteristics 

 Progesterone: Prepares uterus to receive fertilized egg 

 FSH: Stimulates oogenesis 

 LH: Stimulates estrogen production 

 Oxytocin: Stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary gland cells 

 Prolactin: Stimulates milk production 

Immune System 

Function: Protects the body against invading pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists. Lymphatic System: Lymph, lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, lymph nodes.  

 Skeletal muscle contractions move the lymph one way through the lymphatic system to  lymphatic ducts 

o Dump back into venous supply via lymph nodes 

 Red marrow- produces blood cells 

 Leukocytes- WBC 

Lymph Nodes: located in neck, armpit, and groin 

 Small swellings in the lymphatic system where lymph is filtered and lymphocytes are formed Lymph Tissue: Tonsils, adenoids, thymus, spleen, peyer's patches 

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Tendon: Articulates MUSCLE to BONE 

Hyaline Cartilage: Covers articulating surface of bones 

 Prevents bone on bone grinding 

Synovial Joint: Contain lubricating synovial fluid 

 Pivot Joint: Neck 

 Ball and Socket Joint: Hip 

 Hinge Joint: Knee 

Osteocytes: Bone Cells 

 Osteoclast: Multinucleate 

o Removes/absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing 

 Osteoblast: Mononucleate 

o Cells that build bone 

Periosteum: Fibrous sheath that covers bone and contains nerve and blood vessels Osteon: Cylindrical structure that comprise, synthesize, and compact bone  Composed of Calcium and phosphate rich Hydroxyapatite embedded in collagen matrix Collagen: Primary structural protein of connective tissue 

Canaliculi: Small channel or duct in ossified bone 

Cartilage: Tough, elastic connective tissue found in parts of the body (Ear) 

Haversian Canal: Channels in bone that contain BV 

and Nerves 

Lamellae: Layers of the bone, tissues, or cell walls 

Lining Cells: Flattened bone cells that come from  

osteoblasts 

Volkmann Canal: Channels in bone that transmit BV 

and communicate with Haversian Canals 

Bone Disease 

 Osteoporosis: causes brittle, fragile bones 

 Brittle Bone Disease: Group of Diseases that 

affect the collagen (defect in the matrix) and results in fragile bones 

 Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease 

 Rheumatoid Arthritis: Progressive disease the causes joint inflammation and pain 

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