Computer Organization and Assembly Language Programming Assignment #4

ECE 375
Computer Organization and Assembly Language Programming
Assignment #4
The following questions are based on the enhanced AVR datapath (see Figures 8.24 and 8.26 in the text). The
microoperation for the Fetch cycle is shown below.
Stage Micro-operations
IF IR ← M[PC], PC ← PC + 1, NPC ← PC + 1, RAR ← PC + 1
[25 pts]
1- Consider the implementation of the CLR Rd (Clear Register) instruction on the enhanced AVR datapath.
(a) List and explain the sequence of microoperations required to implement CLR Rd. Note that this instruction
takes a single execute cycle (EX).
(b) List and explain the control signals and the Register Address Logic (RAL) output for the execute cycle of
the CLR Rd instruction.
Control signals for the Fetch cycle are given below. Clearly explain your reasoning
Control
Signals IF CLR
EX
MJ 0
MK 0
ML 0
IR_en 1
PC_en 1
PCh_en 0
PCl_en 0
NPC_en 1
SP_en 0
DEMUX x
MA x
MB x
ALU_f xxxx
MC xx
RF_wA 0
RF_wB 0
MD x
ME x
DM_r x
DM_w 0
MF x
MG x
Adder_f xx
Inc_Dec x
MH x
MI x
RAL
Output
CLR
EX
wA
wB
rA
rB
[25 pts]
2- Consider the implementation of the STD Y+q, Rr (Store Indirect with Displacement) instruction on the
enhanced AVR datapath.
(a) List and explain the sequence of microoperations required to implement STD Y+q, Rr. Note that this
instruction takes two execute cycles (EX1 and EX2).
(b) List and explain the control signals and the Register Address Logic (RAL) output for the STD Y+q, Rr
instruction.
Control signals for the Fetch cycle are given below. Clearly explain your reasoning.
Control
Signals IF STD Y+q, Rr
EX1 EX2
MJ 0
MK 0
ML 0
IR_en 1
PC_en 1
PCh_en 0
PCl_en 0
NPC_en 1
SP_en 0
DEMUX x
MA x
MB x
ALU_f xxxx
MC xx
RF_wA 0
RF_wB 0
MD x
ME x
DM_r x
DM_w 0
MF x
MG xx
Adder_f xx
Inc_Dec x
MH x
MI x
[25 pts]
3- Consider the implementation of the ICALL (Indirect Call to Subroutine) instruction on the enhanced AVR
datapath.
(a) List and explain the sequence of microoperations required to implement ICALL. Note that this instruction
takes two execute cycles (EX1 and EX2).
(b) List and explain the control signals and the Register Address Logic (RAL) output for each execute cycle of
the ICALL instruction
Control signals for the Fetch cycle are given below. Clearly explain your reasoning
Control
Signals IF ICALL
EX1 EX2
MJ 0
MK 0
ML 0
IR_en 1
PC_en 1
PCh_en 0
PCl_en 0
NPC_en 1
SP_en 0
DEMUX x
MA x
MB x
ALU_f xxxx
MC xx
RF_wA 0
RF_wB 0
MD x
ME x
DM_r x
DM_w 0
MF x
MG x
Adder_f xx
Inc_Dec x
MH x
MI x
RAL
Output
ICALL
EX1 EX2
wA
wB
rA
rB
[25 pts]
4- Consider the implementation of the LPM R7, Z (Load Program Memory) instruction on the enhanced AVR
datapath.
(a) List and explain the sequence of microoperations required to implement LPM R7, Z.
(b) List and explain the control signals and the Register Address Logic (RAL) output for the LPM R7, Z
instruction (complete all missing entries in the tables below).
Note that this instruction takes three execute cycles (EX1, EX2, and EX3).
Control signals for the Fetch cycle are given below. Clearly explain your reasoning.
Control
Signals IF
LPM R7, Z
EX1 EX2 EX3
MJ 0 x x x
MK 0 x x x
ML 0
IR_en 1
PC_en 1
PCh_en 0
PCl_en 0
NPC_en 1 x x x
SP_en 0
DEMUX x
MA x
MB x
ALU_f xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
MC xx
RF_wA 0
RF_wB 0
MD x
ME x
DM_r x
DM_w 0
MF x
MG x
Adder_f xx
Inc_Dec x x x x
MH x x x x
MI x x x x
RAL
Output
LPM R7, Z
EX1 EX2 EX3
wA
wB
rA
rB