Homework 4 Operator overloading

Homework 4
Homework 4 will focus on operator overloading. Some of the code is provided, and some of this code
shows a couple of neat tricks we can do in C++, one involving a clever use of references and the other
involving delegating constructors.
In this homework you will be developing a 2D Array class (Array2D), and you need to implement some of
the functionality associated with such a class. In particular, you will implement the following functions.
Functions to implement:
Array2D(const Array2D& other): A copy constructor. The storage of the initialized 2D array
representing the actual array data should be different than the storage of the data of the other 2D
array’s array data. That is, you should do a deep copy. If you look at what is being done for the other
constructors (see their description under “Provide functions and constructors”) you’ll save yourself
some work in creating the storage for the array in the object being initialized.
~Array2D: a destructor for a 2D array. It needs to free up the data from the actual array data,
contained in ary. Hint: see and understand deleteAry(int** ary) that is provided to you.
Array2D& operator=: assigns a 2D array to another 2D array. In the assignment a1 = a2; the storage of
a1 data representing the actual array should be different than the storage of the data of the a2 array.
That is, you should do a deep copy.
Remember that C++ (like C) supports chained assignment, that is, you can have an assignment of the
form a1 = a2 = a3. The semantics of this are that first a2 = a3 is executed. a3 is assigned to a2, and what
is assigned to a2 is returned from the “=” operator. This value is then passed into the assignment to a1,
and a1 has the same value as a2. This is done by having operator= both update the value of the this
operand, and to return a reference to the this object.
bool operator==: compares two 2D arrays for equality. Two 2D arrays are equal if they have the same
number of rows and columns and all of their elements are equal. Otherwise they are not equal.
Array2D operator*: perform a 2D matrix multiply. Check for the arrays have dimensions that are
compatible to being multiplied. Return an array filled with -1s that is the size of the this array if this is
the case.
std::ostream& operator<<: put the elements of the array represented by a Array2D on the output
stream. The file output.txt shows how the array output should work.
int getNumRows( ), int getNumCols( ): getters that get the number of rows and columns of the array
being represented.
Provided functions and constructors.
I have provided some functions and constructors for you, either because they are illustrative of useful
tricks and techniques, or because they are not really central to operator overloading and there’s no
reason for 100 of you to implement these over and over again. I have also provided the HW5.cpp file
that contains the main function, which should not need changing.
Array2D::Array2D(int numR, int numC) : Array2D(numR, numC, 0, false): This constructor is used to
create a 2DArray where the elements are initialized using default values, which in this case is to initialize
each element to the value of its row index. It delegates to another constructor, called in the initializer
list (shown in italics) to do the actual initialization of the array elements. Note that the constructor that
is delegated to must be called in the initializer list.
Array2D::Array2D(int numR, int numC, int val) : Array2D(numR, numC, val, true): This constructor takes
a default value (val) to initialize the array elements. Like the constructor above, it delegates to another
constructor, called in the initializer list (shown in italics) to do the actual initialization of the array
elements.
Array2D(Array2D::Array2D(int numR, int numC, char differentiator): a private constructor called by the
previous two constructors that actually initializes the array. By delegating to this constructor we don’t
have to duplicate the code of setting up the storage for the 2D array.
int Array2D::operator( )(int row, int col) const and int& Array2D::operator( )(int row, int col). C++
distinguishes between these based on whether the this pointer needs to be passed to a const
parameter, or not. If this doesn’t need to be passed to a const parameter, the version that returns a
reference to an int (int&) is called, otherwise the one that returns an int is returned.
These functions are necessary because while we can overload the “[ ]” operator, there is no “[ ][ ]”
operator in C++. “[ ][ ]” basically is the application of “[ ]” to an array of pointers, followed by
application of another “[ ]” to what is returned by the first “[ ]”. Thus we use the “( )” operation to do
2D indexing, allowing us to write things like array(i,j) where array is a 2DArray object or reference.
Interestingly, we can use the int& Array2D::operator( )(int row, int col) to both read and assign to an
element of the array data. This is because of the int& that is returned. If you understand why this
works, you probably have a pretty good grasp of how references work. If you don’t, I’ll provide an
explanation of how this works after the homework is due, but am not going to do it now so as to give
you a chance to figure it out on your own. In any case, I’ve written it and it is only used in the HW5.cpp
file, so not understanding it immediately shouldn’t make this homework harder to do.
bool sameSize: a helper array used to determine if two arrays are equal.
Void Array2D(int** ary): These free up the storage so that you can see how to call deletes on arrays of
pointers. It is private because it only works on the private ary variable whose layout should not be
visible outside of 2DArray, so not inheriting class should really know how to override this. I’ve made it
non-virtual so that even if a class that inherits from Array2D tries to override it, we won’t call that
overriding function from code in the Array2D class.
What should be turned in?
The userid directory should be renamed with your userid, i.e., your Purdue login name. This directory
should contain main.cpp, Array2D.cpp, Array2D.h. The graders should either be able to go into the
userid directory and type g++ -std=c+11 *.cpp -o hw4 and compile your code, or you should supply a
make file such that make compiles and executes your program. The directory should not contain .o files
or executable files. Zip up this file (use .zip files, not .rar or .7z files, if at all possible, and if not at all
possible let me know why) and turn it in to Brightspace.