Project 2 (Deques and Randomized Queues) 

CS210 Project 2 (Deques and Randomized Queues) 
This document only contains the description of the project and the project problems. For the programming exercises on
concepts needed for the project, please refer to the project checklist .
The purpose of this project is to implement elementary data structures using arrays and linked lists, and to introduce you
to generics and iterators.
Problem 1. (Deque) A double-ended queue or deque (pronounced “deck”) is a generalization of a stack and a queue that
supports adding and removing items from either the front or the back of the data structure. Create a generic iterable data
type LinkedDeque<Item in LinkedDeque.java that uses a linked list to implement the following deque API:
method description
LinkedDeque() construct an empty deque
boolean isEmpty() is the deque empty?
int size() the number of items on the deque
void addFirst(Item item) add item to the front of the deque
void addLast(Item item) add item to the end of the deque
Item removeFirst() remove and return the item from the front of the deque
Item removeLast() remove and return the item from the end of the deque
Iterator<Item iterator() an iterator over items in the deque in order from front to end
String toString() a string representation of the deque
Corner cases. Throw a java.lang.NullPointerException if the client attempts to add a null item;
throw a java.util.NoSuchElementException if the client attempts to remove an item from an empty deque; throw a
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException if the client calls the remove() method in the iterator; throw a
java.util.NoSuchElementException if the client calls the next() method in the iterator and there are no more items to return.
Performance requirements. Your deque implementation must support each deque operation (including construction) in
constant worst-case time and use space proportional to linear in the number of items currently in the deque. Additionally,
your iterator implementation must support each operation (including construction) in constant worst-case time.
$ java LinkedDeque
false
(364 characters ) There is grandeur in this view of life , with its several powers , having been originally
breathed into a few forms or into one ; and that , whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to
the fixed law of gravity , from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful
have been , and are being , evolved . ~ Charles Darwin , The Origin of Species
true
Problem 2. (Random Queue) A random queue is similar to a stack or queue, except that the item removed is chosen
uniformly at random from items in the data structure. Create a generic iterable data type ResizingArrayRandomQueue<Item in
ResizingArrayRandomQueue.java that uses a resizing array to implement the following random queue API:
method description
ResizingArrayRandomQueue() construct an empty queue
boolean isEmpty() is the queue empty?
int size() the number of items on the queue
void enqueue(Item item) add item to the queue
Item dequeue() remove and return a random item from the queue
Item sample() return a random item from the queue, but do not remove it
Iterator<Item iterator() an independent iterator over items in the queue in random order
String toString() a string representation of the queue
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CS210 Project 2 (Deques and Randomized Queues) Swami Iyer
The order of two or more iterators to the same randomized queue must be mutually independent; each iterator must maintain
its own random order.
Corner cases. Throw a java.lang.NullPointerException if the client attempts to add a null item;
throw a java.util.NoSuchElementException if the client attempts to sample or dequeue an item from an empty randomized
queue; throw a java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException if the client calls the remove() method in the iterator; throw a
java.util.NoSuchElementException if the client calls the next() method in the iterator and there are no more items to return.
Performance requirements. Your randomized queue implementation must support each randomized queue operation (besides
creating an iterator) in constant amortized time and use space proportional to linear in the number of items currently in
the queue. That is, any sequence of M randomized queue operations (starting from an empty queue) must take at most cM
steps in the worst case, for some constant c. Additionally, your iterator implementation must support next() and hasNext()
in constant worst-case time and construction in linear time; you may use a linear amount of extra memory per iterator.
$ java ResizingArrayRandomQueue
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
<ctrl -d
55
0
55
true
Problem 3. (Subset) Write a client program Subset.java that takes a command-line integer k, reads in a sequence of strings
from standard input using StdIn.readString(), and prints out exactly k of them, uniformly at random. Each item from the
sequence can be printed out at most once. You may assume that 0 ≤ k ≤ N, where N is the number of strings on standard
input. The running time of the program must be linear in the size of the input. You may use only a constant amount of
memory plus either one LinkedDeque or ResizingArrayRandomQueue object of maximum size at most N.
$ java Subset 3
A B C D E F G H I
<ctrl -d
G
I
E
$ java Subset 3
A B C D E F G H I
<ctrl -d
F
D
E
$ java Subset 8
AA BB BB BB BB BB CC CC
<ctrl -d
BB
CC
AA
BB
BB
BB
CC
BB
Acknowledgements This project is an adaptation of the Deques and Randomized Queues assignment developed at Princeton
University by Kevin Wayne.
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