$29.99
Workshop #3: Member Functions and Privacy
Workshop #3: Member Functions and Privacy
* Version 0.7 Part 1 only
* version 0.8
* Part 1 (moved header, footer and isEmpty to private)
* Part 2 published
In this workshop, you will use member functions, privacy, safe empty state and formatting the output to complete your work.
## Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this workshop, you will have demonstrated the abilities:
- to define a class type
- to privatize data within the class type
- to instantiate objects of class type
- to access data within an object of class type through public member functions
- to use standard library facilities to format data inserted into the output stream
- to describe to your instructor what you have learned in completing this workshop
## Submission Policy
This workshop is divided into two coding parts and one non-coding part:
- Part 1: A step-by-step guided workshop, worth 50% of the workshop's total mark that is due on **Thursday at 23:59:59** of the week of your scheduled lab.
> Please note that the part 1 section is **not to be started in your first session of the week**. You should start it on your own before the day of your OOP244 class and join the first session of the week to ask for help and correct your mistakes (if there are any).
- Part 2 (**DIY**): A Do It Yourself type of workshop that is much more open-ended and is worth 50% of the workshop's total mark. This part is due on **Sunday at 23:59:59** of the week of your scheduled lab.
- *reflection*: non-coding part, to be submitted together with *DIY* part. The reflection doesn't have marks associated with it but can incur a **penalty of max 40% of the whole workshop's mark** if your professor deems it insufficient (you make your marks from the code, but you can lose some on the reflection).
- Submissions of part 2 that do not contain the *reflection* (that is the **non-coding part**) are not considered valid submissions and are ignored.
If at the deadline the workshop is not complete, there is an extension of **one day** when you can submit the missing parts. **The code parts that are submitted late receive 0%.** After this extra day, the submission closes; if the workshop is incomplete when the submission closes (missing at least one of the coding or non-coding parts), **the mark for the entire workshop is 0%**.
Every file that you submit must contain (as a comment) at the top:<br />
**your name**, **your Seneca email**, **Seneca Student ID** and the **date** when you completed the work.
If the file contains only your work or work provided to you by your professor, add the following message as a comment at the top of the file:
> I have done all the coding by myself and only copied the code that my professor provided to complete my workshops and assignments.
If the file contains work that is not yours (you found it online or somebody provided it to you), **write exactly which part of the assignment is given to you as help, who gave it to you, or which source you received it from.** By doing this you will only lose the mark for the parts you got help for, and the person helping you will be clear of any wrongdoing.
## Compiling and Testing Your Program
All your code should be compiled using this command on `matrix`:
```bash
g++ -Wall -std=c++11 -g -o ws file1.cpp file2.cpp ...
```
- `-Wall`: the compiler will report all warnings
- `-std=c++11`: the code will be compiled using the C++11 standard
- `-g`: the executable file will contain debugging symbols, allowing *valgrind* to create better reports
- `-o ws`: the compiled application will be named `ws`
After compiling and testing your code, run your program as following to check for possible memory leaks (assuming your executable name is `ws`):
```bash
valgrind ws
```
To check the output, use a program that can compare text files. Search online for such a program for your platform, or use *diff* available on `matrix`.
> Note: All the code written in workshops and the project must be implemented in the **sdds** namespace.
# LAB (50%) Library Book Loan Report Module
Seneca library system creates a daily report of the books on loan in a file in the following format:
```text
Book Title
comma
Stock Keeping Unit Number
comma
Number Of Days on Loan
newline
```
Example:
```text
Alice's Adventures In Wonderland,122,15
Don Quixote,100,4
Pilgrim's Progress,101,18
Robinson Crusoe,102,20
Gulliver's Travels,103,4
Tom Jones,104,6
Clarissa,105,11
Tristram Shandy,106,13
Dangerous Liaisons,107,11
Emma,108,12
Frankenstein,109,14
Nightmare Abbey,110,11
The Black Sheep,111,10
Jude the Obscure,134,12
The Charterhouse of Parma,112,2
Sybil,113,12
David Copperfield,114,16
Wuthering Heights,115,17
```
Your task for this lab is to create the modules required to provide functionalities to other programmers to create on-screen reports of:
- All the books that are on loan
```text
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
***** Seneca Library *****
Books on Loan
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Row Book title SKU loan days penalty
--- ------------------------------------------------ ------- --------- -------
1 Alice's Adventures In Wonderland 122 15
2 Don Quixote 100 4
3 Pilgrim's Progress 101 18 4.50
4 Robinson Crusoe 102 20 7.50
5 Gulliver's Travels 103 4
6 Tom Jones 104 6
7 Clarissa 105 11
8 Tristram Shandy 106 13
9 Dangerous Liaisons 107 11
10 Emma 108 12
11 Frankenstein 109 14
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
- All the books that are on loan and overdue to be returned
```text
Overdue Books
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Row Book title SKU loan days penalty
--- ------------------------------------------------ ------- --------- -------
1 Pilgrim's Progress 101 18 4.50
2 Robinson Crusoe 102 20 7.50
3 David Copperfield 114 16 1.50
4 Wuthering Heights 115 17 3.00
5 The Woman in White 121 18 4.50
6 Dangerous Liaisons 107 18 4.50
7 Nostromo 137 23 12.00
8 The Brothers Karamazov 127 19 6.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
- All the books with their title containing a substring.
```text
>>> Searching for: "The" <<<
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
***** Seneca Library *****
Substring search
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Row Book title SKU loan days penalty
--- ------------------------------------------------ ------- --------- -------
1 The Black Sheep 111 10
2 The Charterhouse of Parma 112 2
3 The Scarlet Letter 118 9
4 The Woman in White 121 18 4.50
5 The Way We Live Now 124 7
6 The Brothers Karamazov 127 19 6.00
7 The Portrait of a Lady 128 20 7.50
8 The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 130
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
## Implementation
To accomplish this, create two modules; the Book and the Library.
The Book should hold a single record of the book on loan in the report file.
The Library should hold a dynamically allocated array of books and provide the required reports.
> Note: Reading and accessing the data file and populating the Modules are done by the tester program. You are not implementing any file-related code
## The Book module. (The Book class)
### Constant Values
Define two constant values in the Book module:
```C++
const double PENALTY = 1.5; // Penalty in dollars for each day a book's return is overdue
const int MAXLOAN = 15; // Maximum number of days to loan a book witout penalty.
```
### Member variables (properties)
All the member variables are private.
#### m_title
Title of the book; an array of 51 characters to hold a Cstring of a maximum of 50 characters.
#### m_SKU
Stock Keeping Unit number, an integer
#### m_daysOnLoan;
The number of days on loan.
### Member Functions (Methods)
#### Public Methods:
##### set
Accepts three arguments and returns void:
- Book title: a constant Cstring for the title of the book
- SKU Number: (integer)
- Number of days on loan: (integer)
If the book title is not null, and not an empty string and if the SKU and number of days are greater than zero, this function will set the corresponding member variables to the values of the arguments, otherwise, it will set the Book to a safe invalid empty state. (see setEmpty() method)
##### isEmpty
This constant member function will accept nothing and return true (a boolean) if the Book is in a safe empty state and false if it is not. (See setEmpty() to see what is the condition of an empty state here)
##### hasPenalty
This constant member function will accept nothing and returns true (a boolean) if the **number of days on loan** member variable is greater than the **MAXLOAN** constant integer value;
##### subTitle
The subTitle function receives a constant Cstring (a substring) and returns true if the Cstring exists within the title of the book and otherwise returns false.
For example, if the title of the book is **Alice's Adventures In Wonderland** and the Cstring argument passed to the function is **Wond**, the function returns true. However, if the Cstring is **abc** it should return false:
```C++
subTitle("Wond"); // returns true
subTitle("abc"); // returns false.
```
> Hint: Use the strstr function in <cstring> to accomplish this.
##### display
This constant function returns void and does not accept anything.
Display prints the book's properties in the following format if the book is not in a safe empty state:
- in 49 spaces, left-justified, prints the title
- in 8 spaces, left-justified, prints the SKU
- in 10 spaces, left-justified, prints the number of days on loan
- if the book is overdue (hasPenalty) in 7 spaces, right-justified and with two digits after the decimal point, it will print the penalty. (see penalty function)
- goes to newline.
If the book is in a safe empty state, it will print `"Invalid library book"` and goes to a new line
#### Private Methods
##### setEmpty
Returns void and receives nothing.
Set the book's title to an empty Cstring and other properties to zero.
##### penalty
This constant method returns a double and receives nothing.
The double value returned, is the product of the overdue days and the **PENALTY** constant value. (overdue days = days on loan - MAXLOAN)
## The Library Module
### Private Member Variables (properties)
#### m_name
This module will hold the name of the library up to 30 characters in a Cstring of 31 characters.
#### m_books
A Book pointer to hold a dynamic array of Book objects.
#### m_sizeOfBooksArray
An integer to hold the size of the dynamic array of books
#### m_addedBooks
An integer to keep track of the number of books that are set to valid values in the books array.
### Private Member functions
```C++
void setEmpty();
```
setEmpty sets the name to an empty Cstring and all the other properties to zero and nullptr.
```C++
bool isEmpty()const;
```
Returns true if the Library is in a safe invalid empty state
```C++
void header(const char* title)const;
```
Prints the header of the loaned books report as follows:
- prints dashes ('-') 78 times and goes to a new line
- prints ```"***** "```, library name and ```" *****"``` then goes to a new line
- prints the title argument and goes to a new line
- prints dashes ('-') 78 times and goes to a new line
- prints
```
"Row Book title SKU loan days penalty"
```
and goes to a new line
- prints
```
"--- ------------------------------------------------ ------- --------- -------"
```
and goes to a new line
```C++
void footer()const;
```
- prints dashes ('-') 78 times and goes to a new line
### Public Member functions
```C++
void initialize(const char* name, int noOfBooks);
```
If the name is not null and not an empty Cstring and noOfBooks is greater than zero, it will:
- copy the name into the library name
- set the size of **books** array to the noOfBooks
- allocate a dynamic array of Books to the **noOfBooks**. (if the allocation fails it will set the Library into a safe empty state)
- sets the added books member vairable to zero.
Otherwise, it will set the Library into a safe empty state.
```C++
bool addBook(const char* book_title, int sku, int loanDays);
```
If the number of added books is less than the size of the books array, it will use the set method of the book to set the values of the next book in the array to the incoming arguments. If after setting the book, the newly added book is valid (not in a safe empty state) it will add one to the number of books and return true.
In all the other cases it will return false.
```C++
void clear();
```
Releases the allocated memory and sets the books pointer to nullptr.
```C++
void display(const char* substr);
```
This function performs the following only if the Library is not in a safe empty state, otherwise, it will print `"Invalid Library"`, goes to a new line and exits the function.
defines an integer for row number and sets it to one.
defines a search flag and sets it to false;
- prints `">>> Searching for: \""`
- prints the **substr**
- prints `"\" <<<"` and goes to a new line
- calls header function with `"Substring search"` as an argument
- In a loop to the number of added books it will print the elements of the books array as follows (with a condition):
- if the subTitle function of the book element returns true having the **substr** as an argument the function will print:
- in 4 spaces, left-justified it will print the row number and add one to it.
- calls the display of the book element.
- sets the search flag to true
- If the search flag is false it will print:
- `"No book title contains \""`
- **substr** value
- `"\""` and goes to a new line
- prints the footer
```C++
void display(bool overdueOnly=false)const;
```
This function performs the following only if the Library is not in a safe empty state, otherwise, it will print `"Invalid Library"`, goes to a new line and exits the function.
defines an integer for row number and sets it to one.
- prints the header with one of the following titles:
- overdueOnly is true: `"Overdue Books"`
- overdueOnly is false: `"Books on Loan"`
- In a loop to the number of added books it will print the elements of the books array as follows (with the following condition):
- if the **overdueOnly** is true, it will only print those books that are overdue (hasPenalty()) otherwise it will print them all.
- in 4 spaces, left-justified it will print the row number and add one to it.
- calls the display of the book element.
- prints the footer
## Tester program
```C++
// Workshop #3:
// Version: 0.9
// Date: 2021/09/26
// Author: Fardad Soleimanloo, Original Nargis Khan
// Description:
// This file tests the lab section of your workshop
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
#include "Library.h"
#include "Book.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace sdds;
int noOfRecs(FILE* fptr);
void readBooks(Library& L, FILE* fptr);
int main() {
FILE* fptr = fopen("books.csv", "r");
Library b[4];
Library L;
int i;
b[0].initialize("", 10);
b[1].initialize(nullptr, 20);
b[2].initialize("something", 0);
b[3].initialize("something", -1);
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
b[i].display();
b[i].clear();
}
L.initialize("Seneca Newnham Library", noOfRecs(fptr));
readBooks(L, fptr);
L.display();
L.display(true);
L.display("The");
L.display("ter");
L.clear();
fclose(fptr);
}
int noOfRecs(FILE* fptr) {
int no = 0;
int newline = 0;
while ((newline = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF) {
no += (newline == '\n');
}
rewind(fptr);
return no;
}
void readBooks(Library& L, FILE* fptr) {
int noOfRecs = ::noOfRecs(fptr);
char book_title[51];
int sku;
int days;
for (int i = 0; i < noOfRecs; i++) {
fscanf(fptr, "%[^,],%d,%d\n", book_title, &sku, &days);
L.addBook(book_title, sku, days);
}
}
```
## Execution sample
```text
Invalid Library
Invalid Library
Invalid Library
Invalid Library
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
***** Seneca Newnham Library *****
Books on Loan
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Row Book title SKU loan days penalty
--- ------------------------------------------------ ------- --------- -------
1 Alice's Adventures In Wonderland 122 15
2 Don Quixote 100 4
3 Pilgrim's Progress 101 18 4.50
4 Robinson Crusoe 102 20 7.50
5 Gulliver's Travels 103 4
6 Tom Jones 104 6
7 Clarissa 105 11
8 Tristram Shandy 106 13
9 Dangerous Liaisons 107 11
10 Emma 108 12
11 Frankenstein 109 20 7.50
12 Nightmare Abbey 110 11
13 The Black Sheep 111 10
14 Jude the Obscure 134 22 10.50
15 The Charterhouse of Parma 112 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
***** Seneca Newnham Library *****
Overdue Books
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Row Book title SKU loan days penalty
--- ------------------------------------------------ ------- --------- -------
1 Pilgrim's Progress 101 18 4.50
2 Robinson Crusoe 102 20 7.50
3 Frankenstein 109 20 7.50
4 Jude the Obscure 134 22 10.50
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> Searching for: "The" <<<
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
***** Seneca Newnham Library *****
Substring search
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Row Book title SKU loan days penalty
--- ------------------------------------------------ ------- --------- -------
1 The Black Sheep 111 10
2 The Charterhouse of Parma 112 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> Searching for: "ter" <<<
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
***** Seneca Newnham Library *****
Substring search
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Row Book title SKU loan days penalty
--- ------------------------------------------------ ------- --------- -------
1 The Charterhouse of Parma 112 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
```
## PART 1 Submission
### Files to submit:
```Text
Book.h
Book.cpp
Library.h
Library.cpp
WS3P1Tester.cpp
books.csv
```
Upload your source code and data file to your `matrix` account. Compile and run your code using the `g++` compiler as the execution sample above and make sure that everything works properly.
Then, run the following command from your account
- replace `profname.proflastname` with your professor’s Seneca userid
- replace **??** with your subject code (2**00** or 2**44**)
- replace **#** with the workshop number
- replace **X** with the workshop part number (**1** or **2**)
```text
~profname.proflastname/submit 2??/w#/pX
```
and follow the instructions.
> **⚠️Important:** Please note that a successful submission does not guarantee full credit for this workshop. If the professor is not satisfied with your implementation, your professor may ask you to resubmit. Re-submissions will attract a penalty.
# DIY (50%) Account Balance Interest Report
Seneca Bank creates a daily report of the credit card accounts and the time of their last payment in days in following format:
```text
Account Number
comma
Balance
comma
Days passed since the last payment
newline
```
Example:
```text
97988775,852283.02,6
90837261,1776257.40,14
96925213,471948.98,56
97687611,849206.85,47
90251542,878439.19,9
99792020,432107.95,55
99456993,1676602.38,52
91668387,1980439.23,53
97717004,853368.22,8
90862850,1264645.87,30
99493936,37329.10,58
93182966,1742978.32,54
94523817,161271.42,23
96829419,363081.73,43
94222780,323362.90,21
```
Your task for this part is to create the modules required to provide functionalities for other programmers to create on-screen reports of:
- All the accounts, their balance and days since their last payment and the Interest Charges
```text
----------------------------------------
>>> Seneca Bank & Trust <<<
----------------------------------------
Row Accnt No Balance Days Interest
--- ---------- ------------ ---- --------
1 97988775 852283.02 6
2 90837261 1776257.40 14
3 96925213 471948.98 56 20636.45
4 97687611 849206.85 47 31164.73
5 90251542 878439.19 9
6 99792020 432107.95 55 18556.96
7 99456993 1676602.38 52 68074.65
8 91668387 1980439.23 53 81957.63
9 97717004 853368.22 8
10 90862850 1264645.87 30
11 99493936 37329.10 58 1690.55
12 93182966 1742978.32 54 73491.61
13 94523817 161271.42 23
14 96829419 363081.73 43 12190.59
15 94222780 323362.90 21
-----------------------------------------
Total interest: 307763.17
```
- All the accounts that their payment is past due with interest.
```text
INTEREST ONLY LIST!
----------------------------------------
>>> Seneca Bank & Trust <<<
----------------------------------------
Row Accnt No Balance Days Interest
--- ---------- ------------ ---- --------
1 96925213 471948.98 56 20636.45
2 97687611 849206.85 47 31164.73
3 99792020 432107.95 55 18556.96
4 99456993 1676602.38 52 68074.65
5 91668387 1980439.23 53 81957.63
6 99493936 37329.10 58 1690.55
7 93182966 1742978.32 54 73491.61
8 96829419 363081.73 43 12190.59
-----------------------------------------
Total interest: 307763.17
```
## Implementation
To accomplish this we suggest the creation of two modules (classes); the Account and the Bank.
The Account should hold a single record of the credit card payment record in the report file.
The Bank should hold a dynamically allocated array of Accounts and provide the required reports.
> Note: Reading and accessing the data file and populating the modules are done by the tester program. You are not implementing any file-related code.
> ***You may freely use/copy any logic or code needed from the LAB section!***
### Constant values,
- The Interest-free payment period is always 30 days.
- The Interest rate is always 28.5% annually.
>Any account that is not paid in full within 30 days will be charged by an interest based on the full amount and the total number of days.
For example, if an account's balance is 1000 Dollars and the days since the last payment is less than or equal to 30 days, no interest will be charged. But if an account's last payment was 31 days ago, then an interest of
```text
NoOfDays x (InterestRate/NumberOfDaysInAYear) x AccountBalance
```
which in this example will be 31 x (0.285/365) x 1000, will be charged (approximately 24 Dollars 20 Cents).
## Mandatory publicly accessible methods of Bank Module
You must have the following public methods available in the Bank class.
```C++
void initialize(const char* bank_name, int noOfAccounts);
```
If the bank_name is not null and it is not an empty Cstring and also the noOfAccouts is greater than zero, this function will store the name of the bank and the number of accounts the Bank can dynamically hold. It will also set all other possible properties to thier default values.
Otherwise, it will set the bank into a safe invalid empty state.
```C++
bool addAccount(int account_number, double balance, int daysSinceLastPayment);
```
This function will insert the account information into the next available Account record in the Bank. The function should fail and return false if the Bank accounts are full or if any of the information is invalid (i.e. if any of the arguments have a value less than or equal to zero)
```C++
void display(bool intrestOnly=false)const;
```
Displays the accounts in the Bank as shown in the examples above.
```C++
void clear();
```
Released the memory allocated by the Bank Class.
## The tester program
```C++
// Workshop #3:
// Version: 0.9
// Date: 2021/09/26
// Author: Fardad Soleimanloo
// Description:
// This file tests the DIY section of your workshop
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
#include"Bank.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace sdds;
int noOfRecs(FILE* fptr);
void readAccounts(Bank& L, FILE* fptr);
int main() {
FILE* fptr = fopen("accounts.csv", "r");
Bank b[4];
Bank L;
int i;
b[0].initialize("", 10);
b[1].initialize(nullptr, 20);
b[2].initialize("something", 0);
b[3].initialize("something", -1);
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
b[i].display();
b[i].clear();
}
L.initialize("Seneca Bank & Trust", noOfRecs(fptr));
readAccounts(L, fptr);
L.display();
L.display(true);
L.clear();
fclose(fptr);
}
int noOfRecs(FILE* fptr) {
int no = 0;
int newline = 0;
while ((newline = fgetc(fptr)) != EOF) {
no += (newline == '\n');
}
rewind(fptr);
return no;
}
void readAccounts(Bank& L, FILE* fptr) {
int noOfRecs = ::noOfRecs(fptr);
int accNo;
double balance;
int days;
for (int i = 0; i < noOfRecs; i++) {
fscanf(fptr, "%d,%lf,%d\n", &accNo, &balance, &days);
L.addAccount(accNo, balance, days);
}
}
```
## The ouptut of the tester program
```text
Invalid Bank
Invalid Bank
Invalid Bank
Invalid Bank
----------------------------------------
>>> Seneca Bank & Trust <<<
----------------------------------------
Row Accnt No Balance Days Interest
--- ---------- ------------ ---- --------
1 97988775 852283.02 6
2 90837261 1776257.40 14
3 96925213 471948.98 56 20636.45
4 97687611 849206.85 47 31164.73
5 90251542 878439.19 9
6 99792020 432107.95 55 18556.96
7 99456993 1676602.38 52 68074.65
8 91668387 1980439.23 53 81957.63
9 97717004 853368.22 8
10 90862850 1264645.87 30
11 99493936 37329.10 58 1690.55
12 93182966 1742978.32 54 73491.61
13 94523817 161271.42 23
14 96829419 363081.73 43 12190.59
15 94222780 323362.90 21
-----------------------------------------
Total interest: 307763.17
INTEREST ONLY LIST!
----------------------------------------
>>> Seneca Bank & Trust <<<
----------------------------------------
Row Accnt No Balance Days Interest
--- ---------- ------------ ---- --------
1 96925213 471948.98 56 20636.45
2 97687611 849206.85 47 31164.73
3 99792020 432107.95 55 18556.96
4 99456993 1676602.38 52 68074.65
5 91668387 1980439.23 53 81957.63
6 99493936 37329.10 58 1690.55
7 93182966 1742978.32 54 73491.61
8 96829419 363081.73 43 12190.59
-----------------------------------------
Total interest: 307763.17
```
## Reflection
Study your final solutions for each deliverable of the workshop, reread the related parts of the course notes, and make sure that you have understood the concepts covered by this workshop. **This should take no less than 30 minutes of your time and the result is suggested to be at least 150 words in length.**
Create a file named `reflect.txt` that contains your detailed description of the topics that you have learned in completing this workshop and mention any issues that caused you difficulty.
You may be asked to talk about your reflection (as a presentation) in class.
## DIY Submission (part 2)
### Files to submit:
```Text
Account.cpp
Account.h
Bank.cpp
Bank.h
WS3P2Tester.cpp
accounts.csv
```
Upload your source code and data file to your `matrix` account. Compile and run your code using the `g++` compiler as shown above and make sure that everything works properly.
Then, run the following command from your account
- replace `profname.proflastname` with your professor’s Seneca userid
- replace **??** with your subject code (2**00** or 2**44**)
- replace **#** with the workshop number
- replace **X** with the workshop part number (**1** or **2**)
```text
~profname.proflastname/submit 2??/w#/pX
```
and follow the instructions.
> **⚠️Important:** Please note that a successful submission does not guarantee full credit for this workshop. If the professor is not satisfied with your implementation, your professor may ask you to resubmit. Re-submissions will attract a penalty.
